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The main difference is in design and application. O-rings are circular and typically handle static pressures up to 1500 PSI, costing around $0.50 to $2. U-seals, with a U-shaped cross-section, excel in dynamic systems, withstanding up to 5000 PSI, priced at $3 to $10 each. Design The O-ring is of a toroidal shape, having a […]

Using WD-40 on O-rings can cause 10-30% swelling in materials like nitrile, leading to seal failure. For better results, use silicone grease or PTFE-based lubricants, which extend O-ring life by 30-50%, avoiding costly leaks and system damage. Chemical Composition The main contents of WD-40 include 50-60% aliphatic hydrocarbons, 15-25% low vapor pressure aliphatic hydrocarbons, and

A waveguide can be damaged by physical impact, thermal stress, electric arcs, or corrosion. For example, improper handling causing a 6,000 psi impact can lead to a 20%–50% signal loss. Regular cleaning and maintenance every 3–6 months can reduce damage by 60%. Physical shock In a laboratory environment, waveguides often need to be disassembled, maintained,

Yes, waveguides can get hot, especially when transmitting high power. For example, a 5kW waveguide may generate 500W of heat per hour, raising temperatures to 80°C. To manage heat, active cooling systems like air or water cooling are often required in high-power setups. Power class When the waveguide transmits electromagnetic waves, the higher the transmission

The size of an Earth station antenna typically ranges from 3 meters to over 30 meters in diameter. Smaller VSAT antennas are 0.75 to 2.4 meters, used for individual or small business needs, while large antennas, up to 30 meters, support deep-space communication. VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) antenna VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) antennas

Yes, UHF monopole antennas typically need a ground plane. Without one, signal coverage can be reduced by 30% to 50%. For optimal performance at 450 MHz, a 33 cm ground plane is recommended, increasing signal gain by 2 dB to 4 dB with a larger ground plane. Unipolar antenna A monopole antenna is a half-wavelength

A waveguide coupler transfers energy between waveguides, splitting or combining signals. For example, it can split a 100W input signal into two 50W outputs. It also allows precise signal monitoring by extracting around 1% for measurement without significantly affecting the main signal’s power. Signal distribution One of the main functions of the waveguide coupler is

Waveguide corners, bends, and twists adjust signal paths in confined spaces. For effective use, bends should have a radius at least 2-3 times the waveguide width (e.g., 45.72 mm for WR-90). Twists maintain signal polarization with minimal loss, typically below 0.15 dB for 90-degree twists. Waveguide corner Waveguide corners are used to change the direction

A directional coupler typically has four ports or “holes”: an input port, an output port, a coupled port, and an isolated port. These ports are crucial for splitting or combining signals in radio technology, allowing for precise control and minimal signal loss. Input port (usually labeled port 1) In commercial wireless communication systems, the input

A transmitting antenna converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves, typically handling power levels from 10W to 50kW. A receiving antenna captures these waves and converts them back into electrical signals, usually operating at low power, like -50 dBm to -20 dBm. use Transmitting antennas are used in radio stations, TV signal towers and mobile communication